Network Topologies:

The way of cabling is called topology.
The architecture of a network is called topology

E.g.: Bus, Star, Ring, and Mesh Topologies.

Bus Topology:

Components of Bus Topology:

1. Co-axial cable (back bone cable)
2. T- connectors
3. BNC (British Network Connector)
4. Terminator
5. Patch cable
Disadvantages of Bus:

If anything goes wrong with backbone cable whole network is down.
Follows a serial communication.
Outdated these days.

Star Topology:

Star topology is an advanced version over bus topology. Where it uses either a hub or a switch, it uses cat5/6 cables.
It uses connecters called (Recommend Jack) - RJ45
Star topology offers faster data transfer or processing.

Ring Topology:

Ring topology is useful when we want redundancy (fault tolerance) we go with this type of topology.
Ring topology uses a device called MSAU. (Multi Station Access Unit)
It is a unit inside which a logical ring is formed. This ring ensures the availability of Network. The availability of ring ensures availability of network.
It was basically implemented in IBM networks.